Antenatal Care Checkup (Antenatal Care)

What Is Antenatal Care?

Antenatal care, also known as prenatal care, is the medical care and support you receive throughout your pregnancy. It involves regular checkups, screenings, tests, and guidance from your healthcare provider to monitor the health of both you and your developing baby. Antenatal care begins as soon as your pregnancy is confirmed and continues until delivery.

During each antenatal visit, your healthcare provider will check your blood pressure, measure your growing belly, listen to your baby's heartbeat, and review any symptoms or concerns you may have. These visits are also an opportunity to discuss your birth plan, nutrition, emotional well-being, and any lifestyle adjustments that may benefit your pregnancy.

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a minimum of eight antenatal contacts during pregnancy to reduce the risk of complications and improve pregnancy outcomes. At Fishtail IVF, we follow evidence-based guidelines to provide thorough and personalized care at every stage of your pregnancy.

Why Is Antenatal Care Important?

Regular antenatal care is one of the most important things you can do to protect your health and your baby's health during pregnancy. It allows your healthcare team to identify and manage potential problems early, before they become serious.

Early detection of pregnancy complications — Conditions such as preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, placenta previa, and ectopic pregnancy can be identified early through routine monitoring and screening.
Monitoring fetal growth and development — Regular ultrasounds and measurements help ensure your baby is growing at a healthy rate and developing normally.
Managing pre-existing health conditions — If you have conditions like diabetes, hypertension, thyroid disorders, or autoimmune diseases, antenatal care helps manage these conditions safely during pregnancy.
Preventing birth defects — Folic acid supplementation and early screening can help reduce the risk of neural tube defects and other congenital abnormalities.
Reducing the risk of preterm birth — Through monitoring cervical length, managing risk factors, and providing timely interventions, antenatal care helps reduce the chance of premature delivery.
Emotional support and education — Pregnancy can bring anxiety and uncertainty. Regular visits give you the chance to ask questions, learn about what to expect, and receive reassurance from your care team.
Improving overall pregnancy outcomes — Studies consistently show that women who receive regular antenatal care have healthier pregnancies, fewer complications, and better outcomes for both mother and baby.

Antenatal Visit Schedule

Your antenatal visit schedule will be tailored to your individual needs, but most healthy pregnancies follow a general timeline. As your pregnancy progresses, visits become more frequent to closely monitor you and your baby in the final weeks before delivery.

First Trimester (Weeks 1–12)

Your first antenatal visit is one of the most comprehensive. It typically occurs between weeks 6 and 10 of pregnancy. During this visit, your provider will confirm your pregnancy, estimate your due date, and establish a baseline for your health.

Confirmation of pregnancy through blood tests and ultrasound
Detailed medical history review, including past pregnancies, surgeries, and family history
Blood tests to check your blood type, Rh factor, hemoglobin levels, and immunity to infections like rubella and hepatitis B
Urine tests to screen for urinary tract infections, protein, and glucose levels
Early ultrasound (dating scan) to confirm the number of babies, check the heartbeat, and determine gestational age
Screening for sexually transmitted infections including HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis
Discussion of prenatal vitamins, especially folic acid and iron supplementation
Lifestyle counseling on diet, exercise, medications to avoid, and substances to stop using
First trimester screening (combined test) for chromosomal abnormalities such as Down syndrome, usually performed between weeks 11 and 13

Second Trimester (Weeks 13–27)

During the second trimester, visits are typically scheduled every four weeks. This is often considered the most comfortable period of pregnancy. Key milestones include the anatomy scan and glucose screening.

Monitoring weight gain, blood pressure, and fundal height (the measurement from your pubic bone to the top of your uterus)
Listening to your baby's heartbeat using a Doppler device at each visit
Anomaly scan (detailed ultrasound) at 18 to 22 weeks to examine your baby's organs, limbs, spine, brain, and placenta position
Screening for gestational diabetes with a glucose tolerance test, typically between weeks 24 and 28
Blood tests to check for anemia and antibody levels if you are Rh-negative
Discussion of fetal movements — you should begin to feel your baby move regularly by around 20 to 24 weeks
Review of any symptoms such as swelling, headaches, or unusual discharge
Planning for birth preferences and discussing options for labor and delivery

Third Trimester (Weeks 28–40)

In the third trimester, visits increase to every two weeks from week 28, and then weekly from week 36 until delivery. This is a critical monitoring period as your body prepares for labor.

Frequent monitoring of blood pressure to watch for signs of preeclampsia
Checking your baby's position (head-down or breech) and assessing fetal growth through ultrasound
Non-stress tests (NST) to monitor your baby's heart rate in response to movement, especially in high-risk pregnancies
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) screening, usually between weeks 35 and 37, to determine if antibiotics are needed during labor
Monitoring amniotic fluid levels to ensure your baby has adequate fluid
Repeat blood tests for hemoglobin and other markers as needed
Discussion of signs of labor, when to go to the hospital, and what to pack
Review of your birth plan, pain management options, and any concerns about delivery
Cervical checks in the final weeks to assess readiness for labor

Tests and Screenings During Pregnancy

Throughout your pregnancy, several tests and screenings are recommended to ensure both your health and your baby's development are on track. These tests are designed to detect potential issues early so that appropriate steps can be taken.

Routine Blood Tests

Blood tests are performed at various stages of pregnancy to monitor your overall health and identify any conditions that could affect your pregnancy.

Complete blood count (CBC) to check for anemia and infection
Blood type and Rh factor determination
Blood glucose levels to screen for gestational diabetes
Thyroid function tests (TSH and free T4)
Screening for infections including HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, syphilis, and rubella immunity
Iron and ferritin levels to assess iron stores

Urine Tests

Urine samples are collected at most antenatal visits to check for signs of infection, kidney problems, or preeclampsia.

Protein in urine — may indicate preeclampsia
Glucose in urine — may suggest gestational diabetes
Bacteria or white blood cells — may indicate a urinary tract infection

Ultrasound Scans

Dating scan (6–10 weeks) — confirms pregnancy, checks heartbeat, and estimates due date
Nuchal translucency scan (11–13 weeks) — measures fluid at the back of the baby's neck as part of first trimester screening for chromosomal conditions
Anomaly scan (18–22 weeks) — a detailed examination of your baby's anatomy to check for structural abnormalities
Growth scans (third trimester) — ordered if there are concerns about fetal growth, placental function, or amniotic fluid levels

Specialized Screenings

Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) — a blood test that screens for chromosomal abnormalities like Down syndrome, Edwards syndrome, and Patau syndrome with high accuracy
Glucose tolerance test (GTT) — a two-hour test performed between 24 and 28 weeks to diagnose gestational diabetes
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) swab — performed between 35 and 37 weeks to check for GBS bacteria that could be passed to the baby during delivery
Amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling (CVS) — diagnostic tests offered if screening tests indicate a higher risk of genetic conditions (these are optional and discussed thoroughly with your provider)

Nutrition and Lifestyle During Pregnancy

What you eat, how you move, and the choices you make during pregnancy have a direct impact on your baby's growth and your own well-being. A balanced lifestyle supports a healthy pregnancy and can reduce the risk of complications.

Nutrition Essentials

A well-balanced diet during pregnancy should include a variety of nutrients to support your baby's development and your changing body.

Folic acid (400–800 mcg daily) — essential for preventing neural tube defects, especially in the first trimester. Your provider may recommend a higher dose if you have certain risk factors.
Iron-rich foods — such as lean red meat, spinach, lentils, and fortified cereals to support increased blood volume and prevent anemia
Calcium — found in dairy products, leafy greens, and fortified foods to support your baby's bone and teeth development
Protein — from sources like eggs, poultry, fish, beans, and nuts to support tissue growth and repair
Omega-3 fatty acids — found in fish like salmon, sardines, and in flaxseeds and walnuts, important for your baby's brain and eye development
Vitamin D — through safe sun exposure and foods like fortified milk and eggs to support calcium absorption and bone health
Plenty of water — aim for at least 8 to 10 glasses of water daily to stay hydrated and support amniotic fluid levels
Fiber-rich foods — fruits, vegetables, and whole grains to help prevent constipation, which is common during pregnancy

Foods and Substances to Avoid

Alcohol — no amount of alcohol is considered safe during pregnancy
Raw or undercooked meat, eggs, and seafood — may carry harmful bacteria like Salmonella or Listeria
High-mercury fish — such as shark, swordfish, king mackerel, and tilefish
Unpasteurized dairy products and soft cheeses — risk of Listeria infection
Excessive caffeine — limit to 200 mg per day (about one 12-ounce cup of coffee)
Tobacco and recreational drugs — can cause premature birth, low birth weight, and developmental issues
Certain herbal teas and supplements — always consult your provider before taking any herbal products

Exercise and Physical Activity

Moderate exercise during pregnancy is safe and beneficial for most women. It can improve mood, reduce pregnancy discomfort, and help prepare your body for labor.

Walking, swimming, and prenatal yoga are excellent low-impact options
Aim for about 150 minutes of moderate activity per week, as recommended by ACOG
Avoid contact sports, activities with a high risk of falling, and exercises that require lying flat on your back after the first trimester
Pelvic floor exercises (Kegels) can help strengthen the muscles that support your uterus, bladder, and bowels
Always listen to your body — stop exercising if you feel dizzy, short of breath, or experience pain
Discuss your exercise routine with your healthcare provider, especially if you have any pregnancy complications

Mental and Emotional Well-being

Pregnancy is a time of significant emotional change. It is completely normal to experience a range of feelings, from excitement to anxiety.

Talk openly with your partner, family, or friends about how you are feeling
Consider joining a pregnancy support group to connect with other expectant parents
Practice relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, or gentle stretching
Get adequate sleep — use pillows for support and try to rest when you can
Do not hesitate to speak with your healthcare provider if you are feeling persistently sad, anxious, or overwhelmed. Prenatal depression and anxiety are common and treatable.

Warning Signs During Pregnancy

While most pregnancies progress normally, it is important to be aware of warning signs that may indicate a complication. Contact your healthcare provider immediately or go to the nearest emergency facility if you experience any of the following symptoms.

Heavy vaginal bleeding or passage of clots at any stage of pregnancy
Severe or persistent headaches that do not respond to rest or hydration
Sudden or severe swelling of your face, hands, or feet
Vision changes such as blurred vision, seeing spots or flashing lights
Severe abdominal pain or cramping that does not go away
High fever (above 100.4°F or 38°C) with or without chills
Painful or burning urination, which may indicate a urinary tract infection
A sudden gush or continuous leaking of fluid from the vagina, which may indicate ruptured membranes
A noticeable decrease in your baby's movements after 28 weeks — if you notice fewer than 10 movements in two hours, contact your provider
Persistent vomiting that prevents you from keeping food or fluids down
Dizziness or fainting spells
Signs of preterm labor before 37 weeks — including regular contractions, lower back pain, pelvic pressure, or changes in vaginal discharge

Trust your instincts. If something does not feel right, it is always better to contact your healthcare team and be reassured than to wait and risk a complication going unnoticed.

Special Considerations for IVF Pregnancies

If you have conceived through in vitro fertilization (IVF) or other assisted reproductive technologies, your pregnancy may require some additional monitoring and care. While most IVF pregnancies proceed normally, there are certain factors that your healthcare team will pay close attention to.

Higher chance of multiple pregnancies — IVF pregnancies have an increased likelihood of twins or higher-order multiples, which carry additional risks such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and preeclampsia. Your provider will closely monitor fetal growth and development if you are carrying multiples.
Increased monitoring in the first trimester — Early ultrasounds are especially important to confirm the pregnancy location (ruling out ectopic pregnancy), check for a heartbeat, and determine the number of embryos.
Progesterone and hormone support — Many IVF patients continue progesterone supplementation during the first trimester to support the pregnancy. Your provider will advise you on when it is safe to taper and stop these medications.
Slightly elevated risk of preterm birth — Even in singleton IVF pregnancies, studies suggest a modestly higher risk of preterm delivery. Your provider may perform cervical length measurements and monitor you more closely in the second and third trimesters.
Placental concerns — IVF pregnancies may have a slightly increased risk of placenta previa (low-lying placenta) and placental abnormalities. This will be assessed during your anomaly scan and follow-up ultrasounds.
Gestational diabetes and preeclampsia screening — Your provider may recommend earlier or more frequent screening for these conditions, particularly if other risk factors are present.
Emotional considerations — The journey to pregnancy through IVF can be emotionally intense. It is natural to feel heightened anxiety, especially in the early weeks. Our team at Fishtail IVF understands this journey and provides compassionate support at every stage.
Continuity of care — At Fishtail IVF, we coordinate closely with your obstetrician to ensure a smooth transition from fertility treatment to antenatal care, so nothing is overlooked and you always feel supported.

When to Contact Your Healthcare Provider

Beyond the emergency warning signs listed above, there are many situations during pregnancy where reaching out to your healthcare provider is the right thing to do. You should never feel that a question or concern is too small.

If you are unsure whether a medication, supplement, or herbal remedy is safe to take during pregnancy
If you develop a new rash, itching, or skin changes
If you have been exposed to an infectious illness such as chickenpox, measles, or COVID-19
If you experience persistent nausea and vomiting that makes it difficult to eat or drink (hyperemesis gravidarum)
If you notice any vaginal bleeding, even if it is light spotting
If you have concerns about your mental health, including feelings of sadness, anxiety, or difficulty coping
If you have travel plans and need advice on safety precautions
If you are experiencing domestic violence or feel unsafe at home — your healthcare provider can connect you with support services confidentially
If your water breaks or you think you may be leaking amniotic fluid
If you are past your due date and want guidance on next steps

At Fishtail IVF, our team is available to answer your questions and provide support throughout your pregnancy. We encourage open communication and want you to feel confident and cared for at every step.

A Note from Fishtail IVF

At Fishtail IVF, we believe that every pregnancy deserves the highest standard of care. Whether you have conceived naturally or through fertility treatment, our experienced team is here to guide you through every stage of your pregnancy with expertise, compassion, and personalized attention.

Our antenatal care program is designed to give you peace of mind. From your very first visit to the moment you hold your baby, we monitor your health and your baby's development with the latest diagnostic tools and evidence-based practices. We take the time to listen to your concerns, answer your questions, and ensure you feel informed and empowered.

We understand that pregnancy — especially after a fertility journey — comes with unique emotions and experiences. Our team has extensive experience supporting IVF pregnancies and is equipped to provide the additional monitoring and care that may be needed.

Nepal's growing healthcare infrastructure means that high-quality antenatal care is now more accessible than ever. At Fishtail IVF, we are proud to offer world-class pregnancy care right here in Nepal, combining international best practices with the warmth and dedication that our patients deserve.

Your pregnancy journey is deeply personal, and we are honored to be a part of it. If you have any questions about our antenatal care services or would like to schedule your first appointment, please do not hesitate to reach out to our team.